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Linux 5.7 Features

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  • FSINFO System Call, Mount Notifications Sent In For Linux 5.7 To Provide Better Storage Details

    Red Hat's David Howells has sent in pull requests introducing the new fsinfo() system call and mount/superblock notifications and as part of that a general notification mechanism for the kernel.

    This stems from work Howells has been pursuing for the past several months for exposing more file-system information and mount notifications. The fsinfo() system call exposes more file-system / VFS information like file-system UUIDs, capabilities, mount attributes, and other possible bits. With the fsinfo() pull request are also implementations for EXT4 and NFS.

  • Linux 5.7 EFI Changes: "The GRUB Project Is Showing Signs Of Life Again"

    Ingo Molnar on Monday began sending in his feature pull requests for the Linux 5.7 kernel merge window. Of the pull requests worth noting are the EFI changes.

    Molnar characterized the GRUB boot-loader project as "showing signs of life again" following the recent introduction of a generic Linux/UEFI boot protocol rather than "x86 specific hacks". The hope is that over time all new extensions will be introduced via that protocol to avoid these hacks for cleaning up the EFI kernel boot code in due course.

  • Linux 5.7 For 64-bit ARM Brings In-Kernel Pointer Authentication, Activity Monitors

    The 64-bit ARM architecture code will support several new features with the in-development Linux 5.7 kernel.

    Highlights of the 64-bit ARM (AArch64 / ARM64) code for Linux 5.7 include:

    - In-kernel pointer authentication is now supported. Back in 2018 added to the kernel was pointer authentication support but only exposed for user-space usage. As explained back then, "Pointer authentication can be supported by ARMv8.3 hardware and newer to allow for signing and authenticating of pointers against secret keys. The purpose of this pointer authentication is to mitigate ROP attacks and other potential buffer-overrun-style attacks." Now with Linux 5.7 the ARMv8.3+ pointer authentication support also works within the kernel.

  • Linux 5.7 Media Updates Add H.264 / H.265 / VP9 Decode To The Meson Driver

    The media subsystem updates have landed for the Linux 5.7 kernel merge window.

    The media subsystem updates are predominantly made up by individual media driver updates as usual. Some of the highlights include:

    - The Amlogic Meson VDEC driver now has support for VP9 decoding, H.264 decoding, and HEVC decode.

  • Linux 5.7 Power Management Includes Fixes, Tiny Power Button Driver

    Intel's Rafael Wysocki who oversees the kernel's power management area has sent in his relevant pull requests for the Linux 5.7 kernel merge window.

    Highlights of the power management updates for Linux 5.7 include:

    - Support for Krait-based SoCs within the Qualcomm driver.

  • Linux 5.7's USB Changes Range From Apple Fast Charging To Reporting USB-C Orientation

    With the newly-minted Linux 5.6 kernel is initial support for USB4 based on Intel's Thunderbolt code while for Linux 5.7 is a wide variety of other USB changes.

    There aren't any big USB4 changes to note with the Linux 5.7 kernel that is now going through its merge window. But there are plenty of other interesting USB changes for the 5.7 version...

  • Split Lock Detection Sent In For Linux 5.7 To Spot Performance Issues, Unprivileged DoS

    The previously reported work on split lock detection due to its big performance hit is now queued up for Linux 5.7.

    Split locks occur when an atomic instruction spans multiple cache lines and requires a global bus lock for ensuring atomicity. These split locks can take at least 1,000 more cycles than an atomic operation within a single cache line.

  • Intel Begins Prepping More Linux Code For Data Streaming Accelerator In Sapphire Rapids

    Last year Intel outlined the Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA) as a feature on future Intel CPUs for high-performance data movement and transformation operations for networking and storage / persistent memory. We are now seeing more of the Intel DSA work beginning to take shape for the Linux kernel.

The Linux 5.7 Scheduler Changes Bring Prominent Additions

  • The Linux 5.7 Scheduler Changes Bring Prominent Additions For Intel & Arm CPUs

    Ingo Molnar on Monday sent in the scheduler updates for the Linux 5.7 kernel that saw its merge window open at the start of this week. For the Linux 5.7 cycle are a number of prominent scheduler additions.

    Highlights on the scheduler side for Linux 5.7 include:

    - NUMA scheduling updates so the load balancer and placement logic do not fight each other in order to improve locality and utilization with less migrations.

Linux 5.7 Graphics Driver Updates Enable Tiger Lake By Default

Linux 5.7 Networking Changes Bring Qualcomm IPA

  • Linux 5.7 Networking Changes Bring Qualcomm IPA, New Intel Driver Additions

    The networking changes for the Linux 5.7 kernel have already been merged and as usual there is a lot of new wired and wireless networking driver activity.

    Some of the highlights in the networking subsystem for Linux 5.7 include:

    - Introducing the Qualcomm IPA driver as the IP Accelerator. The IPA allows for network functionality like filtering, routing, and NAT to be performed without occupying the main application processor. The IPA driver also allows for the modem's LTE network to be made available to the application processor. This driver is based on previous open-source Qualcomm code and has been floating around the mailing list for the past few years while now finally is merged.

Linux 5.7 Gets A Unified/User-Space-Access-Intended Accelerator

  • Linux 5.7 Gets A Unified/User-Space-Access-Intended Accelerator Framework

    The Linux 5.7 crypto subsystem updates include new drivers.

    Linux 5.7 is progressing through its two-week merge window and while only a quarter of the way through, it's certainly seeing a number of interesting and new drivers.

    The crypto subsystem is introducing the UACCE driver, which was worked on by Linaro and HiSilicon. UACCE stands for the "Unified/User-space-access-intended Accelerator Framework." UACCE was described in its patch series as providing "Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) between accelerators and processes. So accelerator can access any data structure of the main CPU. This differs from the data sharing between CPU and I/O device, which share only data content rather than address. Since unified address, hardware and user space of process can share the same virtual address in the communication."

Btrfs File-System Updates Land In Linux 5.7

  • Btrfs File-System Updates Land In Linux 5.7

    SUSE's David Sterba sent in the Btrfs file-system updates this week for the Linux 5.7 kernel.

    Some of the highlights for the feature-rich Btrfs file-system in Linux 5.7 consist of:

    - Speed-up of extent back reference resolution with an example test going "down from a hour to minutes."

Linux 5.7 Seeing Updates For Intel SpeedSelect Technology

  • Linux 5.7 Seeing Updates For Intel SpeedSelect Technology, Jasper Lake PMC

    Andy Shevchenko submitted on Tuesday the x86 platform driver updates targeting the Linux 5.7 kernel merge window.

    Highlights of the platform-drivers-x86 updates for Linux 5.7 include:

    - Many improvements to the Intel SpeedSelect Technology support on Linux, including Cascadelake-X updates, displaying the enabled CPU core count, improved error reporting, and many fixes. Intel has been working on SST support since Linux 5.3 for dealing with these more granular power/performance controls on Cascade Lake and newer CPUs.

Plenty Of New Sound Hardware Support

PCI Changes For Linux 5.7 Bring Error Disconnect Recover

Linux 5.7's Char/Misc Brings MHI Bus, Habana Labs AI Accelerator

  • Linux 5.7's Char/Misc Brings MHI Bus, Habana Labs AI Accelerator Code Additions

    Greg Kroah-Hartman on Friday sent in his "char/misc" updates for the Linux 5.7 kernel several days later than normal.

    Greg was delayed in his char/misc pull request due to last minute reverts but now all is well for this random smattering of extra kernel bits. Some of the Linux 5.7 char/misc changes include:

    - The new MHI bus developed by Qualcomm for the Modem Host Interface as a communication protocol between their processors and wireless modems.

Linux 5.7 Adds Support For The Qualcomm Snapdragon 865

  • Linux 5.7 Adds Support For The Qualcomm Snapdragon 865, Mainline PinePhone Support

    Some exciting ARM SoCs and devices are supported by the mainline Linux 5.7 kernel.

    Excitingly on the device front is mainline kernel support for the Pinebook Pro $199 ARM laptop as well as the PineTab tablet and PinePhone mobile phone. There is also Snapdragon 865 support as the current high-end smart-phone SoC from Qualcomm. There is also various other additions...

The New Microsoft exFAT File-System Driver Has Landed In Linux

  • The New Microsoft exFAT File-System Driver Has Landed In Linux 5.7

    As we have been expecting the new Samsung-developed file-system driver for Microsoft's exFAT has successfully landed into the Linux 5.7 kernel to replace the existing exFAT driver added in Linux 5.4 last year after Microsoft published the file-system specifications and gave their blessing to have the support mainlined in the Linux kernel.

    This new exFAT driver from Samsung is a much newer version of the driver compared to the original exFAT driver that for the past several cycles has been part of the staging area. That existing driver is on a much older (years older) implementation compared to the current Samsung driver now part of the proper file-system area. This is the same driver that Samsung is shipping by the millions across their Android product portfolio and Samsung will continue to upstream their improvements to the Linux kernel.

Today's Articles on Linux 5.7 Development

  • XFS Working Towards Online Repair, Many Underlying Improvements

    While XFS dates back to the 90's and has been in the Linux kernel for nearly two decades, this proven file-system continues aging gracefully and continuing to see more improvements. With Linux 5.7 is another step forward for XFS.

    With Linux 5.7 the XFS file-system has seen a number of underlying improvements as they work towards online file-system checking (fsck) capabilities. The online repair for XFS won't be ready for Linux 5.7 but a future kernel and they are getting the necessary changes introduced as they are finished.

  • Linux 5.7 To Support Spawning A Process In A Different Cgroup From Its Parent

    An important infrastructure change with the Linux 5.7 kernel now allows the ability to create a process in a different cgroup from the parent process.

    Using the clone3 system call, a child process can now be spawned directly into a different cgroup compared to its parent.

  • KVM With Linux 5.7 Supporting Protected/Secure VM Guests For IBM POWER + s390

    Both of IBM's s390 and POWER CPU architectures are seeing secure/protected guest virtual machine support with KVM on the in-development Linux 5.7 kernel.

    On the s390 front the Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) code has support for protected virtual machines in conjunction with its ultravisor. The KVM s390 support for protected virtual machines (VMs) are where KVM can't access any of the guest's state like guest memory and guest registers. Protected Virtual Machines on s390 in turn become manages by their new ultravisor. These s390 guests can run in unencrypted mode at boot and then load an encrypted blob and transition to the encrypted Protected VM state. The code has gone through a few rounds of review and is ready for IBM s390 hardware with Linux 5.7.

  • Loongson Improvements Land In Linux 5.7 To Improve The Chinese MIPS CPUs

    The MIPS architecture improvements for Linux 5.7 are headlined by Loongson support improvements for those Chinese manufactured MIPS64 platforms.

    As outlined last month, a number of Loongson 3 support improvements were worked on by Loongson engineers and the community. Included as part of the MIPS CPU updates for Linux 5.7 are a generic Device Tree for Loongson 3 devices, Desktop Management Interface (DMI) support for MIPS, a Loongson I/O local interrupt controller driver, and a Hyper Transport PIC controller driver. The generic Loongson 3 DTS support should help in allowing mainline Linux images to run nicely on more devices.

  • DRM TTM Hugepage Support Lands In Linux 5.7

    The work led by VMware on allowing the Direct Rendering Manager's TTM memory management code support huge page tables has been added to Linux 5.7.

    This is the work by VMware initially for their VMWgfx driver but also of relevance to other DRM drivers employing TTM for supporting huge and giant page-table entries. This TTM hugepages support is intended to reduce CPU usage and lower TLB misses. Under a VMware test program just doing some example memory mapping and unmapping, the time to execute was about halved.

Linux 5.7 Perf Changes Include Additions For AMD Zen 3

  • Linux 5.7 Perf Changes Include Additions For AMD Zen 3, Intel Tiger Lake

    The perf subsystem continues to be quite lively with improvements and for Linux 5.7 is seeing a number of low-level improvements.

    On the Intel side there is now Intel Tiger Lake uncore support. The Tiger Lake uncore support in the perf/x86 code largely amounts to following the same code paths as Ice Lake.

/dev/random Seeing Performance Work For Linux 5.7

  • /dev/random Seeing Performance Work For Linux 5.7

    The Linux 5.7 kernel will bring random performance improvements as in /dev/random.

    First up for boosting the /dev/random performance on the in-development Linux 5.7 kernel is making use of batched CRNG output in place of the CPU RNG instructions in order to deliver better performance. This is an improvement made by WireGuard's Jason Donenfeld after noting the RdRand instruction can be quite slow. With this batched entropy for get random, his accepted patch delivers better performance and also fits better from a security perspective.

C-SKY Architecture Gets Fix For Its Own Speculative Execution...

  • C-SKY Architecture Gets Fix For Its Own Speculative Execution Bug In Linux 5.7

    C-SKY is a a Chinese 32-bit CPU architecture intended for low-power devices from media boxes / DVRs to printers and other consumer electronics. C-SKY has also worked its way into a ~$6 development board. With its updates for the Linux 5.7 kernel are various additions to this maturing architecture support along with a speculative execution fix.

Linux 5.7 Changes So Far

Intel P-State Driver Shifting To "Schedutil" Governor Default...

  • Intel P-State Driver Shifting To "Schedutil" Governor Default With Linux 5.7

    On top of all the other changes in Linux 5.7 so far, a secondary set of power management updates were sent in today for this next version of the kernel and includes now using the Schedutil governor by default for Intel P-State and Arm big.LITTLE systems.

    Intel's P-State CPU frequency scaling driver has from the start defaulted to the "powersave" governor on most Linux distributions out there (and "performance" on a subset of other distributions as the default, which had been the upstream kernel default Kconfig value). But with time Schedutil has come together as a capable CPU frequency scaling governor that makes use of the kernel's scheduler utilization date to make more accurate decisions about ramping up or down clock frequencies. Schedutil has been looked at by developers on replacing the existing governors as it matures enough.

F2FS Introduces Zstd Compression Support With Linux 5.7

  • F2FS Introduces Zstd Compression Support With The Linux 5.7 Kernel

    The Flash-Friendly File-System (F2FS) updates have been sent in for the very active Linux 5.7 kernel.

    Most notable for F2FS in this next version of the Linux kernel is introducing Zstd transparent file-system compression support. LZO and LZ4 also remain available as the existing compression options. LZ4 meanwhile is the new default compression method for F2FS.

Linux Floppy Disk Driver Gets Improvements For 5.7 Kernel

  • Short Topix: Plex Comes Under Fire From Pro-Copyright Group

    Linux Floppy Disk Driver Gets Improvements For 5.7 Kernel

    When was the last time you used a floppy disk?

    Yeah, that's what I thought.

    When was the last time you could even buy a floppy disk?

    Yep. Same thing.

    As much as many think that it's time for floppy disk support to be stripped from the Linux kernel, it's instead getting a breath of new life, sort of. Several months ago, Linus was considering removing floppy disk code from the mainline Linux kernel. After all, who in the world used it any more?

    At the same time, he challenged kernel contributors to update the floppy drive support. Well, someone answered the challenge. The new floppy disk support is supposed to roll out with the Linux 5.7 kernel. This isn't a few minor patches, either. According to an article on Phoronix, the code for Linux's floppy disk code has seen 586 new lines of code, and 613 deletions.

    So, if during this period of self-quarantine you're cleaning out a closet and run across a stash of long-forgotten floppy disks, Linux will have your back ... provided you still have the hardware to read them.

    I have to admit that I have quite a few floppy disks around (and know exactly where they are). I also have a USB-based floppy drive to read them with (which I'm not exactly sure where it's located).

    Some things are just too difficult to give up, I guess.

Some Older Intel Tablets Finally Seeing Working Touchscreen

  • Some Older Intel Tablets Finally Seeing Working Touchscreen With Linux 5.7

    While Intel's open-source Linux hardware support is extremely good even in time for launch day of not only for their server / data center products but also desktop and mobile platforms, occasionally there are exceptions. One of the biggest exceptions over the past decade has been the Bay Trail support sometimes taking years to see fixes or finishing up areas of the support. The latest example of this is some Intel Bay Trail and Cherry Trail tablets finally seeing working/reliable touchscreen support on Linux 5.7.

More changes in Linux 5.7

  • OverlayFS Can Be Paired With VirtIO-FS On Linux 5.7

    Notable to OverlayFS in the Linux 5.7 kernel is support for allowing a remote upper file-system, which in step with other changes allow for VirtIO-FS to be used as an upper layer. VirtIO-FS is the shared file-system for allowing VMs to access a directory on the host and is supported by most of the open-source Linux virtualization components. Up to now though VirtIO-FS hasn't worked as an upper (writable) layer in an OverlayFS configuration while now that is possible.

  • Open-Source NVIDIA "Nouveau" Driver Should Trip Less Often On Some GPUs With Linux 5.7

    Last week there were a bunch of new improvements and features for the open-source kernel graphics/display drivers merged for Linux 5.7. There were not any feature changes on the open-source NVIDIA "Nouveau" driver front while this week at least are some fixes/workarounds so it's less buggy for some hardware.

    A batch of Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) driver fixes were sent in this week for the Linux 5.7 merge window closing in a few days. This includes a number of AMDGPU Fixes around Navi/GFX10, BACO, HDCP, and other areas plus a random assortment of other fixes. Plus this time at least there are some Nouveau fixes in tow.

Linux 5.7 Begins Landing Support For The Kendryte K210 Dual-Core

  • Linux 5.7 Begins Landing Support For The Kendryte K210 Dual-Core RISC-V SoC

    The RISC-V architecture changes have been submitted for the Linux 5.7 kernel and includes early work on bringing up a new RISC-V dual-core SoC.

    The new SoC support being worked on for the upstream Linux kernel is the Kendryte K210. There still are some issues pending as well as some patches that have yet to be upstreamed for lack of hardware access by the RISC-V maintainer, Palmer Dabbelt. The Kendryte K210 is self-described as a neural network accelerator capable of 0.8 TFLOPS and features two RISC-V 64-bit cores along with dedicated image recognition hardware. The typical power consumption of the chip is said to be less than one Watt.

Ceph Sees Some Nice Performance Improvements With Linux 5.7

  • Ceph Sees Some Nice Performance Improvements With Linux 5.7

    The Ceph open-source distributed storage platform is seeing some nice performance-related work to its kernel component in the Linux 5.7 kernel.

    Highlights of Ceph for Linux 5.7 include:

    - Support for async create and unlink when using the nowsync mount option. This allows for creates and unlinks to be satisfied locally without waiting on the metadata servers. The pull request notes this will really help metadata heavy workloads like Tar and Rsync running off Ceph.

    - Support for multiple BLK-MQ queues for Ceph's RADOS Block Device (RBD). The driver has been using the BLK-MQ interface for a while but not actually multiple queues until now with having a queue per-CPU.

Samsung Releases exFAT-Utils To Format File-System, Fsck

  • Samsung Releases exFAT-Utils To Format File-System, Fsck

    With the new exFAT file-system merged for Linux 5.7, Samsung engineers responsible for this open-source native Linux kernel driver for Microsoft's exFAT file-system support have now issued their first official release of exfat-utils.

    The exfat-utils 1.0.1 release out this morning is their first official release of these user-space utilities for exFAT on Linux. The exFAT-utils package allows creating an exFAT file-system with mkfs.exfat as well as adjusting the cluster size and setting a volume label. There is also fsck.exfat for consistency checking of an exFAT file-system on Linux.

XFS Has A Second Round Of Improvements For Linux 5.7

  • XFS Has A Second Round Of Improvements For Linux 5.7

    Last week the XFS file-system saw its first round of updates for the Linux 5.7 kernel cycle that included preparations for supporting online repair in the future as well as many underlying code improvements. A second round of code improvements were sent in on Thursday for this mature file-system.

    The second batch of new XFS code for Linux 5.7 includes better handling when consuming a lot of memory, memory reclaim improvements, and better handling when nearly out of space on the file-system.

FAT File-System Driver

  • FAT File-System Driver For Linux Sees Patch To Run Multiple Times Faster

    At the same time of Linux receiving a new exFAT driver, the Linux kernel is still seeing improvements to its classic FAT file-system code.

    For those voluntarily still relying upon FAT16/FAT32 file-systems you should really think about upgrading especially with Linux having a good exFAT driver now, but for those stuck to FAT use-cases like digital cameras or EFI partitions, at least there is a patch pending to allow the FAT performance to be much more efficient moving forward.

    [...]

    The few dozen lines of code patch can be found on the mailing list. It's too late for seeing it picked up in the 5.7 kernel but perhaps we'll see it for 5.8.

LLVM

  • Linux 5.7 Makes It Very Easy To Build The Kernel With An LLVM-Based Toolchain

    Since last year it's been possible to build a mainline x86_64 Linux kernel with a mainline LLVM Clang compiler while for the in-development Linux 5.7 kernel are more improvements on the LLVM front.

    Kbuild updates for the Linux 5.7 kernel now has a single switch of LLVM=1 that when enabled will have the kernel use Clang and all LLVM utilities in place of GCC and Binutils.

    LLVM=1 can be passed from the command-line or as an environment variable and when building the kernel will then prefer the LLVM toolchain components found in your PATH. The one exception is that the LLVM assembler will not be used by default as the kernel still has a few issues there. The Kbuild updates for Linux 5.7 though also include LLVM_IAS=1 for enabling the integrated assembler, which is considered experimental.

The New Features Of The Linux 5.7 Kernel

  • The New Features Of The Linux 5.7 Kernel: Tiger Lake Graphics Stable, New exFAT, Zstd F2FS, Performance

    Linus Torvalds is expected to deliver an Easter day kernel release in the form of Linux 5.7-rc1. After a two week merge window, Linux 5.7 feature development formally ends today. Here is a look at the many exciting improvements and new features to find with Linux 5.7.

    Below is our list of the new Linux 5.7 kernel features based on our original monitoring of the mailing lists and Git repositories. There is a lot of exciting stuff from new/improved Intel and AMD hardware support to the new exFAT driver to other file-system improvements and a number of performance improvements across the different subsystems / areas of the kernel.

    Following today's Linux 5.7-rc1 kernel release, weekly release candidates will continue as usual. If all goes well, Linux 5.7 should debut as stable around early June.

Linux 5.7 Will Let You Setup A Swap File Over A Network With SMB

  • Linux 5.7 Will Let You Setup A Swap File Over A Network With SMB3/Samba

    A last minute feature coming into the Linux 5.7 kernel on its last day of the merge window is experimental support for allowing a remote swap setup over a network using SMB3.

    Certainly not a common use-case and one that poses security challenges as well as performance and reliability concerns, but Linux 5.7 will have experimental support for a swap file over the network via a SMB3 setup. There has been this capability already with a network block device among other possible setups for a remote swap file while now the SMB3/CIFS kernel code is allowing it as an experimental feature.

F2FS Added Zstd Compression With Linux 5.7

  • F2FS Added Zstd Compression With Linux 5.7 While Now is Working On LZO-RLE

    With Linux 5.6 the flash-focused F2FS file-system added LZO and LZ4 compression support for enhancing performance and ideally extending flash storage life by reducing the amount of writes. Added meanwhile for the current Linux 5.7 cycle was F2FS Zstd compression support. Now looking ahead to Linux 5.8, it looks like LZO-RLE support is being baked.

    The LZO-RLE extension provides Run-Length Encoding that is designed to improve the LZO algorithm in scenarios where many zeros may be present, such as on file-systems. Linux's Zram already uses LZO-RLE by default and now the Flash-Friendly File-System is toying with LZO-RLE as another compression option for better performance and reducing the writes to disk.

Seven Changes We've Been Waiting On That You Will Not Find...

  • Seven Changes We've Been Waiting On That You Will Not Find In Linux 5.7

    There are many new and exciting features of Linux 5.7 but also some material that didn't make the cut this window that we are now hoping will see mainline status for Linux 5.8 or another kernel this year.

    FGKASLR - Intel has been working on Finer-Grained Kernel Address Space Randomization for making relative addresses within the kernel less predictable by employing function reordering on top of KASLR. FGKASLR can further increase the Linux kernel security but we haven't seen any major strides on it for mainlining since the initial patch series came out in February.

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